The latest round of coronavirus stimulus legislation introduced in Congress on Monday includes some major tax provisions and changes for accountants to watch out for in the New Year.
For example, the package broadens the eligibility for stimulus payments. Under the CARES Act, joint returns of couples where only one member of the couple had a Social Security Number were ineligible for a payment. The latest round of relief legislation changes that provision. Families will now be eligible to receive payments for the members of the family that have Social Security numbers. This change is retroactive, so those who fall under this category who missed out on the first round of Economic Impact Payments can claim that money when filing 2020 tax returns in the spring of 2021.
Lucas White is president of The Fountain Trust Company in Covington, Ind., and chairman of the Independent Community Bankers of America.
Debbie Brackeen is the chief strategy & innovation officer at CSAA Group. She leads the organization in strategy, partnerships, innovation and venture investing. She has more than 25 years of experience and leadership at innovative high-tech companies, including Apple, Sun, HP, and eBay, and, most recently, served as the global head of innovation at Citigroup. She has served as an adviser to the Astia Technology Committee since 2008, and was an adviser on the corporate board of the National Venture Capital Association. Ms. Brackeen earned a degree in American Studies from Stanford University and has completed executive programs at the Northwestern Kellogg School of Management, INSEAD and the Stanford Graduate School of Business.
Charles Meyer is the former Chief Legal Officer of Research In Motion Ltd. (now BlackBerry) and is a practicing attorney in Texas.
The full amount is $600 per individual, $1,200 per couple, and $600 for children. It’s available for individuals with adjusted gross income at or below $75,000 ($112,500 for heads of household), and couples with adjusted gross income at or below $150,000. If they have children, they will receive an extra $600 per child. For those above this income level, their amount will be reduced by $5 for each $100 their AGI exceeds the above thresholds.
This means an individual without children will not receive any payment if their AGI exceeds $87,000. A couple without children won’t receive any payment if their AGI exceeds $174,000. A family of four won’t receive any payment if their AGI exceeds $198,000. The IRS will use the same methodology for calculating payments as it did for the first round of Economic Impact Payments.
Unless they’re obtained by fraud, the checks do not need to be repaid. If an individual experienced an income loss in 2020 or if they have an increase in family size, they can claim an additional credit of the difference when the individual files their 2020 tax federal income tax return in spring of 2021. The direct deposits could go out as soon as next week, according to Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin.
The House passed the nearly 5,600-page bill, known as the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, Monday night, followed by the Senate, to avert a federal government shutdown and send lawmakers home for the holidays. It includes a bevy of tax relief provisions, an extension of the Paycheck Protection Program (including a provision allowing deductibility of business expenses), along with a raft of tax extenders and extension of expiring unemployment benefits and eviction protections. However, there are changes in the way tax extenders will be dealt with in the future and safeguards against stimulus payments going out to deceased taxpayers, along with some new limits on the Federal Reserve’s ability to extend credit to companies under the exact same terms of the CARES Act programs.
Tax credits
The bill also helps more students take advantage of the Lifetime Learning Credit by increasing the income threshold at which the credit phases out. It provides more time for employees and employers to pay back deferred employee payroll tax amounts from the President’s August memorandum.
The bill includes incentives for hiring and retaining workers. It extends, expands and significantly improves the Employee Retention Tax Credit, offering a 70 percent credit on up to $10,000 of wages per employee per quarter to help keep employees on payroll and connected with their jobs. The bill also improves the coordination between the Employee Retention Tax Credit and the Paycheck Protection Program by allowing access to both programs while preventing a double dip. It clarifies that expenses paid with the proceeds of a forgiven PPP loan are deductible.
The bill also extends the Work Opportunity Tax Credit for five years, helping employers continue to hire disadvantaged individuals.
Green energy
Other provisions include investments in green energy and energy efficiency, extending the investment tax credit for two years and the production tax credit for one year. The bill also expands the tax incentives for offshore wind, waste heat to power property, and efficient biomass stoves. It also makes permanent the deduction for certain energy efficient property.
The legislation extends several other initiatives, including credits for energy efficient and renewable energy property for homeowners, new energy efficient homes, EV charging and fuel cell refueling stations, and certain zero-emissions vehicles.
Other provisions
To support affordable housing and community development, the bill establishes a 4 percent minimum credit rate for the low-income housing tax credit. It also encourages investment in economically disadvantaged areas by providing a five-year extension of the New Markets Tax Credit at $5 billion per year.
Through provisions on disaster relief, the bill offers various forms of disaster relief support to individuals and employers affected by natural disasters. It also helps counties rebuild by providing more allocations of the low-income housing tax credit to states hit by natural disasters.
To help the alcohol industry, the bill makes the Craft Beverage Modernization Act permanent, supporting beer, wine and distilled spirits producers across the country. It also extends various other tax provisions before they expire.
Tax extenders
Sen. Rob Portman, R-Ohio, praised the tax incentives included in the final bill, including key provisions like the Work Opportunity Tax Credit, the New Markets Tax Credit, the Health Coverage Tax Credit, CFC Look-through, the Medical Expense Deduction, and the Craft Beverage Modernization Act.
“These tax incentives have been critical to Ohio during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic," Portman said in a statement. "Many of these incentives, especially the Work Opportunity Tax Credit, are critical to keeping folks employed during these unprecedented times and generating more investment and economic development in Ohio. These tax incentives drive more economic growth and job creation, and that’s necessary as we continue to recover from the economic slowdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.”
The bill may lead to work on other tax extenders. “Next Congress, we should continue this serious and thorough discussion on the future of the remainder of these provisions, making permanent the ones that work for our economy and ending or phasing out the ones that are unnecessary,” he added. “I will continue to work with my colleagues in the House and Senate to help bring all sides together on a long-term agreement on these tax extenders.”
Here's how the legislation impacts a number of tax incentives:
- The Craft Beverage Tax Relief: The tax package makes permanent the bipartisan Craft Beverage Modernization & Tax Reform Act, legislation that provides excise tax relief to the growing craft beverage industry.
- The Medical Expense Deduction Expansion: The tax package extends this relief for one additional year, ensuring that more Americans have access to this deduction designed to reduce the tax costs of out-of-pocket medical expenses and long-term care.
- The Employee Retention Tax Credit: The bill extends the credit until June 30, 2021, and expands the credit by providing a 70 percent credit for up to $10,000 in creditable wages per quarter and reducing the gross receipts decline to 20 percent from 50 percent. The ERTC gives businesses of all sizes, including nonprofits, a payroll tax credit for wages paid during a suspension of their business operations or periods where they have experienced significant revenue losses.
- CFC look-through rules: The tax package extends for five years the look-through rules for U.S. multinationals to allow for the efficient ability to bring back dollars trapped overseas and keep U.S. companies competitive abroad.
- The New Markets Tax Credit: The legislation extends the NMTC for five additional years at 2020 levels.
- The Work Opportunity Tax Credit: The legislation would extend WOTC for five additional years.
- The Health Coverage Tax Credit: The tax package extends for one-year the Health Coverage Tax Credit, which helps subsidize the cost of continued coverage for retirees and other individuals who lost their health care coverage — in addition to their pensions and other benefits — when their employers either entered into bankruptcy or laid off workers due to foreign trade.
Senate Finance Committee ranking member Ron Wyden, D-Oregon, praised the expansion of the Employee Retention Tax Credit, which will keep workers on the job and help struggling small businesses survive, and its inclusion in the end-of-year tax package.
Wyden’s proposal increases the Employee Retention Tax Credit rate from 50 percent to 70 percent of qualified wages. It expands eligibility for the credit by reducing the required year-over-year gross receipts decline from 50 percent to 20 percent and provides a safe harbor allowing employers to use prior quarter gross receipts to determine eligibility. The bill also increases the limit on per-employee creditable wages from $10,000 for the year to $10,000 for each quarter. It increases the 100-employee delineation for determining the relevant qualified wage base to employers with 500 or fewer employees. It allows certain public instrumentalities to claim the credit, and removes the 30-day wage limitation, allowing employers to, for example, claim the credit for bonus pay to essential workers.
The proposal also enables businesses with 500 or less employees to advance the credit at any point during the quarter based on wages paid in the same quarter in a previous year. It offers rules to enable new employers who were not in existence for all or part of 2019 to be able to claim the credit. In addition, it provides for a small-business public awareness campaign regarding availability of the credit to be conducted by the Treasury in coordination with the Small Business Administration.
Retroactive to the effective date included in Section 2301 of the CARES Act, the proposal clarifies the determination of gross receipts for certain tax-exempt organizations. It also clarifies that group health plan expenses can be considered qualified wages even when no other wages are paid to the employee, consistent with IRS guidance; and says that employers who receive Paycheck Protection Program loans may still qualify for the ERTC with respect to wages that are not paid for with forgiven PPP proceeds.
In order to stop payments to dead people, the legislation will remove hurdles to reducing improper payments. The Social Security Administration collects death information in order to accurately administer its programs. But to date, that information has only been shared with other federal agencies in certain circumstances. As a result of the legislation, the Treasury Department’s “Do Not Pay” portal will also receive the full Death Master File. Federal agencies use the Do Not Pay portal to identify and reduce improper payments and this legislation will help stop payments to dead people. For the first time, Congress will authorize the SSA to share the full DMF with Treasury’s Do Not Pay portal, preventing improper payments to dead people.
Missing items
The bill does not include much of the extra assistance to state and local governments that has been in demand around the country. The National Association of Counties expressed disappointment in the legislation. “America’s counties remain on the front lines of this pandemic, addressing community health and human services needs, distributing vaccines and dealing with an economy on life support,” said executive director Matthew Chase in a statement. “Our message today is the same as it has been since the beginning of this pandemic: a coronavirus relief package without aid for state and local governments fails counties and our residents, whose lives and livelihoods are on the line.”
The American Sustainable Business Council also expressed disappointment with the bill, pointing out that it does not include extending emergency paid leave provisions. “Congress’s failure to address paid leave means up to 87 million Americans who were eligible for benefits from the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, which took effect last spring, could lose those benefits at the end of this month,” said ASBC executive vice president Thomas Oppel in a statement. “As the virus surges, Congress only included a tax credit to employers that provide paid leave, creating concerns that with so many small businesses facing serious economic hardship, the tax credit may not truly help. Extending paid leave is crucial for stability in small businesses and the overall labor market."
Reactions to the legislation
House Ways and Means Committee Chairman Richard Neal, D-Massachusetts, sees much to like in the mammoth $900 billion package, but hopes to provide more aid to struggling taxpayers next year. “This agreement isn’t perfect, but it will offer struggling workers, families and businesses desperately needed support,” Neal said in a statement. “Americans are suffering, wondering how they’ll afford basics like food, medications and rent payments. Democrats ensured that the reinstatement and extension of critical unemployment assistance and a second round of direct payments made it in this package so that people will be able to cover their most immediate needs. Notably, eligibility for this new round of checks includes many mixed-status families who missed out on the first round of payments but will now have access to the federal aid.”
He noted that there are several additional tax measures that will help support people facing hardship while also getting the economy back on track. “We put more money in the pockets of working families by providing greater flexibility for those who are eligible to claim the Earned Income Tax Credit and Additional Child Tax Credit,” said Neal. “Though we faced resistance, Democrats fought for and successfully secured inclusion of the expanded Employee Retention Tax Credit and the deductibility of expenses paid for using PPP loans, two provisions that incentivize the hiring and retention of workers.”
The package provides 11 weeks of $300-per-week emergency unemployment benefits, and extends expiring pandemic-related unemployment assistance, so beneficiaries of the programs who are unable to return safely to work won’t exhaust the benefits before March 14, 2021. The bill also protects individuals who received pandemic-related unemployment benefit overpayments through no fault of their own and are now unable to repay the funds.
Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Kentucky, hailed the long-awaited agreement on the package. “Leaders in the Senate, in the House, and the Secretary of the Treasury reached the major agreement that struggling Americans have needed for months,” McConnell said in a statement Monday. “We are going to pass another historic rescue package to help American families through this pandemic. We are going to pass full-year government funding so the Armed Forces and all federal departments have the resources and the certainty they need. And we are going to do both these things as soon as possible.”
The bill also allows families who are eligible for the Earned Income Tax Credit and the Additional Child Tax Credit and who experienced an income loss to use their 2019 income to determine these credits, putting more money in the pockets of working families. It reduces the income threshold for medical expense deductions from 10 percent to 7.5 percent, ensuring that more medical expenses are properly deductible. The bill also provides relief for employees with unused amounts in their health and dependent care flexible spending accounts by allowing for more expansive carryover and grace period policies. In addition, the bill extends for three months credits reimbursing employers for paid sick and family leave paid to employees due to COVID-19. The bill also includes $15 billion in funding for live music venues, independent movie theaters and cultural institutions.
The American Institute of CPAs expressed its support for the legislation.
“Though this has been a long and difficult year for many, we are encouraged by the willingness of our elected officials to come together on behalf of taxpayers and businesses everywhere,” said AICPA president and CEO Barry Melancon in a statement. “We are pleased with Congress’ efforts to provide much-needed economic relief to struggling businesses by ensuring expense deductibility under the PPP is honored, as was intended by the CARES Act. ... The COVID-19 Relief Bill gives small business a fighting chance to recover from this global crisis and contribute to the economic stability our nation needs.”
